| researchers | practitioners | socials | humanitarians |
| group composition | ILE,LII,LIE,ILI | SLE,LSI,LSE,SLI | ESE,SEI,SEE,ESI | EIE,IEI,IEE,EII |
| shared group traits | logic, intuition, individualism | logic, sensorics, collectivism | ethics, sensorics, individualism | ethics, intuition, collectivism |
| group properties[1] | Developed abstract thinking and a tendency toward generalizations, ability to invent new things. Interest in questions of the scientific-research sphere is characteristic. Inattention to outward appearance - one’s own and that of other people, indifference to everyday life, issues of personal hygiene, weak appetite. | Insensitive and weakly developed imagination; instead, attention is focused on solving practical questions of an objective nature, including earning money. There is a tendency toward managerial administrative work. | Attention to outward appearance - one’s own, that of other people, and of objects; notices even small changes in external appearance. Ability to select clothing and accessories. Good appetite. Demonstrates hospitality toward guests, practical care for loved ones. Likes professions in the service sphere, likes communicating with people on everyday domestic topics. | Rich, easily excitable imagination. Frequent interest in the sphere of culture and art. Insightfulness in communication. Tendency toward the emergence of obsessive thoughts and mental images. Emotional instability, manifesting in the form of capriciousness, anxiety, timidity, hypochondria regarding one’s health, etc. |
| social role of the group | ”The nervous tissue” of society. Obtain, process, and preserve information about the objective properties of the surrounding world. | ”The muscular tissue” of society. Maintain the viability of society in the external environment, manage the extraction and production of material goods. | ”The connective tissue” of society. Provide members of society with necessary material goods. | ”The covering tissue” of society. Carry out the stratification of society through information of a humanitarian nature (images of mass culture). |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[2] | ILE may display traits of humanitarians, and LIE of practitioners | | SEI may display traits of humanitarians, ESI of practitioners, and SEE of both | |
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| Temperaments | | | | |
| flexible-maneuverable | linear-assertive | balanced-stable | receptive-adaptive |
| author’s title | concentrating | driving | orienting | adapting |
| group composition | ILE,SLE,SEE,IEE | ESE,EIE,LIE,LSE | LII,LSI,ESI,EII | SEI,IEI,ILI,SLI |
| shared group traits | extraversion, irrationality, statics | extraversion, rationality, dynamics | introversion, rationality, statics | introversion, irrationality, dynamics |
| strongest functions | Se (forceful sensorics) and Ne (intuition of possibilities) | Te (business logic) and Fe (ethics of emotions) | Ti (structural logic) and Fi (ethics of relations) | Si (sensorics of sensations) and Ni (intuition of time) |
| basis of self-perception | ”I am an object among objects" | "I am directed movement relative to some background" | "I am a stable reference point in a static structure of connections" | "I am the possessor of certain qualities, properties” |
| typical questions regarding the world | ”who is this?”, “what is this?”, “do I need this?" | "what is happening?”, “what should be done (in connection with this)?" | "how is this structured?”,“is this correct (does it correspond to the norm)?" | "what is this like?”,“is this good for me?“ |
| most natural way of life | nomadic (active irregular search for resources) | pendulum migrations (regular movement from one resource to another according to a set algorithm) | settled life, arrangement of one’s own plot | wandering (passive following of a moving resource) |
| group properties[1] | Need for new impressions. Fast switching of attention, but inability to concentrate on one thing. Positive attitude toward risk. | Active organization, composure, and energy. Aspires to stay informed about events. Prefers to solve problems in advance rather than postponing them. | Resistance to uniformity and monotony. Ability to concentrate on one thing, but difficulty switching attention. Avoidance of risk situations. Fidelity in close relationships. | Laziness, relaxation, adynamia; delays decisions, ignores problems until the last moment. Prefers adaptation rather than changing the situation. |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[2] | SLE may display traits of the LP-temperament | EIE and LIE may display traits of the FM-temperament, and LSE of the BS-temperament | EII may display traits of the RA-temperament | SLI and ILI may display traits of the BS-temperament |
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| Psychoanalitic Groups | | | | |
| aggressors | caring | infantiles | victims |
| alternative title | proprietors | householding | curious | provoking |
| group composition | SLE,SEE,LSI,ESI | ESE,LSE,SEI,SLI | ILE,IEE,LII,EII | EIE,LIE,IEI,ILI |
| shared group traits | sensorics, centrality, statics | sensorics, peripherality, dynamics | intuition, peripherality, statics | intuition, centrality, dynamics |
| functional features | strong Se (forceful sensorics), weak Ne (intuition of possibilities) | strong Si (sensorics of sensations), weak Ni (intuition of time) | strong Ne (intuition of possibilities), weak Se (forceful sensorics) | strong Ni (intuition of time), weak Si (sensorics of sensations) |
| group properties[1] | Proprietor instinct. Thinking in categories of “one’s own–others”; they prefer to help only “their own,” including at the expense of “others.” Aggressive defense of the boundaries of their territory, property, and rights. Tendency to intensify prohibitions and punishments. Weak self-criticism, intolerance of objections and criticism from others. Weak imagination, dislike of probabilistic reasoning. | Striving toward everything simple, natural, and healthy. Household-mindedness, practicality in everyday life, pleasure from arranging everyday life. Sensory-domestic care for other people, animals, and plants. | Indifference to money and things, unselfishness in property and financial matters. Naivety and underestimation of others’ egoism are characteristic. Curiosity and inquisitiveness. Tolerance for ambiguity. Internationalism, absence of xenophobia. Values freedom, advocates expanding the field of the socially permissible, prefers to manage other people through rewards rather than punishments. | Frequency of thoughts about the future; love of plots developing over time, including in one’s own fantasies. Interest in everything ornate, provocatively shocking, unnatural, and painful. Dislike of housekeeping and everyday physical labor. Weak appetite. |
| hypothetical evolutionary origin (according to the author) | from the feeding strategies of territorial predators | from the feeding strategies of gatherers of readily available food | from defensive strategies associated with movement in space (fleeing to unoccupied territories or seeking shelter) | from defensive strategies associated with mimicry (deceiving a predator through changes in one’s appearance and behavior) |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[2] | ESI gravitates toward the caring group | LSE gravitates toward the aggressor group | IEE and ILE may display certain traits of the victim group | IEI may display traits of the infantile group, and LIE of the aggressor group |
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| Communication Styles | | | | |
| businesslike | passionate | cold-blooded | warm-hearted |
| group composition | ILE,SLE,LIE,LSE | ESE,EIE,SEE,IEE | LII,LSI,ILI,SLI | SEI,IEI,ESI,EII |
| shared group traits | extraversion, logic, yielding | extraversion, ethics, obstinacy | introversion, logic, obstinacy | introversion, ethics, yielding |
| functional features | strong Te (business logic), weak Fi (ethics of relations) | strong Fe (ethics of emotions), weak Ti (structural logic) | strong Ti (structural logic), weak Fe (ethics of emotions) | strong Fi (ethics of relations), weak Te (business logic) |
| group properties[1] | Oriented toward formal “businesslike” communication with a wide circle of people. High stress resistance, high self-esteem, and a striving for leadership. Sharpness and directness in communication, at times even to the point of rudeness. Fast speech, poor in intonations and almost without gesticulation. A love of heavy rock music, weapons, and other traditionally masculine hobbies is characteristic (including among women). | Oriented toward informal contact with a wide circle of people. High sociability. Does not hesitate to loudly express emotions in society, and is also open to others’ emotions. Knows how to quickly and deftly reduce communicative distance, emotionally energize an audience. Speech is accompanied by active gesticulation; when agitated, it is disjointed and strongly emotionally colored. Often a love of singing and other forms of expressive self-expression. | Strives to reduce informal communication with outsiders to a minimum. Characterized by great communicative distance, secrecy (especially in questions of the personal sphere), difficulties initiating contact with people, inability to entertain an audience, dislike of large noisy events. High self-control, able to conceal anxiety and other emotions. | Oriented toward a deep bond with a small number of close people. Softness and courtesy, especially in communication with outsiders. Speech is slow, but rich in intonation. Sensitivity in the sphere of “subtle” feelings and aesthetics; sentimentality. Low self-esteem is typical. Does not strive for leadership, usually satisfied with the position of the follower. Men may seem feminine. |
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| Stimulus Groups | | | | |
| status stimulus | uniqueness stimulus | well-being stimulus | self-worth stimulus |
| titles in “symbolic socionics" | "kings" | "knights" | "ladies" | "pages” |
| group composition | SLE,SEE,LSE,ESE | ILE,IEE,LIE,EIE | LSI,ESI,SLI,SEI | LII,EII,ILI,IEI |
| shared group traits | sensorics, extraversion, foresight | intuition, extraversion, carelessness | intuition, introversion, carelessness | intuition, introversion, foresight |
| functional features | strong Se (forceful sensorics), weak Ni (intuition of time) | strong Ne (intuition of possibilities), weak Si (sensorics of sensations) | strong Si (sensorics of sensations), weak Ne (intuition of possibilities) | strong Ni (intuition of time), weak Se (forceful sensorics) |
| group properties[1] | Love of physical actions, sports, and one’s physical self-improvement. Involvement in real life, no tendency toward self-absorption. Euphoria, uncharacteristic of depressiveness, apathy, and abulia. Confidence in one’s high reputation. Striving to emphasize one’s status, showiness. Tendency toward self-admiration, love of flattery. | Originality and independence of views, nonconformism. Curiosity, search for the unusual in the surrounding world; breadth of interests, interest in complex tasks. Positive attitude toward science and “smart people.” Orientation toward the future, tendency toward altruistic heroism. Talkativeness, likes answering questions. Often excessive, hard-to-inhibit activity. Sharp, jerky movements are typical. | Conformism and conservatism in views and lifestyle. Negative attitude toward science and “smart people.” More interested in the past than in the future. States of excitement and inspiration are atypical; loves a quiet, calm environment. Does not like being disturbed, worried, or asked questions. | Unsportiness. Frequent depressiveness, apathy, abulia. Weakness of the sexual instinct. Insufficient persistence and purposefulness - often does nothing to achieve what is desired; does not fight for or defend one’s rights. Low self-esteem (believes that other people and society as a whole evaluate one’s abilities and personality poorly). Avoids participation in public life and in managerial hierarchies. Sense of the hostility of the external world and society toward oneself. Developed inner speech, tendency toward self-analysis. |
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| Argumentation Styles | | | | |
| constructors | restructurers | guardians | diplomats |
| titles in “symbolic socionics" | "pentacles" | "swords" | "wands" | "cups” |
| group composition | LII,LSI,LIE,LSE | ILE,SLE,ILI,SLI | ESE,EIE,ESI,EII | SEI,IEI,SEE,IEE |
| shared group traits | logic, rationality, emotivism | logic, irrationality, constructivism | ethics, rationality, constructivism | ethics, irrationality, emotivism |
| functional features | strong Ti and Te | weak Fi and Fe | strong Fi and Fe | weak Ti and Te |
| group properties[1] | Thinking in schemes rather than images. Absence of abilities for artistic creativity. Assigns responsibility to oneself, not to others. Rejection of unproductive pastime, “wasting one’s life.” Traditional sexual orientation. | Absence in thinking of restraining ethical attitudes. Tendency to live “by understandings” rather than by law. Religiosity is uncharacteristic; often there is a cynical and contemptuous attitude toward religious dogmas and the people who follow them. Absence of impressionability, vulnerability, and touchiness, underdeveloped sense of guilt. Lack of anxiety. Easy attitude toward material losses and deprivations. | High normativity of thinking and behavior. Attentiveness to the ethical behavior of others, to its correspondence to norms of morality and ethics (in the form in which the person understands them). Developed sense of guilt. Touchiness. Frequent feelings of anxiety, especially for close people; bears losses heavily. | Image-based thinking, abilities for artistic creativity. Diplomat’s talent: charm, ease of adapting to the interlocutor, ease of changing behavioral line and moving to concessions in a situation of sudden threat. Absence of striving for productivity and practical usefulness to society, tendency to shift responsibility onto others, to “waste one’s life.” Increased probability of nontraditional sexual orientation. |
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| Temporal Orientation of Interests | | | | |
| conservatives | realists | idealists | innovators |
| group composition | LSE,ESE,LSI,ESI | SLE,SEE,SLI,SEI | LIE,EIE,LII,EII | ILE,IEE,ILI,IEI |
| shared group traits | sensorics, rationality, tactics | sensorics, irrationality, strategy | intuition, rationality, strategy | intuition, irrationality, tactics |
| functional features | weak Ni and Ne | strong Si and Se | weak Si and Se | strong Ni and Ne |
| orientation of interests | preservation of the past | destruction of the future | preservation of the future | destruction of the past |
| group properties | Unable to assess possibilities and prospects, therefore prefer stability and regularity. | Realize possibilities, achieving consumer prosperity here and now (but thereby also exhausting resources that may be needed in the future). | Self-sacrificially build or preserve the future, neglecting the inconveniences of the present moment. | Spontaneous and dislike regular work, do not value what they already have, seek inspiration in novelty. |
| original group title according to V. Gulenko[link] | distributive | dissociative | commutative | associative |
| alternative title[link] | substantial | flexible | thorough | receptive |
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| Styles of Interaction with Society | | | | |
| expansive | open | avoidant | secretive |
| group composition | SLE,SEE,LIE,EIE | LSE,ESE,ILE,IEE | SLI,SEI,LII,EII | LSI,ESI,ILI,IEI |
| shared group traits | extraversion, centrality, strategy | extraversion, peripherality, tactics | introversion, peripherality, strategy | introversion, centrality, tactics |
| functional features | strong Se, weak Si | strong Ne, weak Ni | strong Si, weak Se | strong Ni, weak Ne |
| group properties[1] | Interest in situations of conflict and interpersonal competition, in expanding one’s interests by inflaming contradictions in the surrounding world. Proneness to anger. Aggressive manner of speech and love of public speaking. Tendency to boast. | Openness and directness in communication. Intolerance of loneliness. Love of spending time in large noisy groups (predominantly friendly ones). | Non-conflictuality and peacefulness. Striving to avoid conflicts or, if this is impossible, to smooth them over. Love of moderation and gradualness in all undertakings. “Cocooning” oneself from external irritants in the closed world of one’s personal interests and needs. Prefer listening rather than speaking, answer questions slowly. | Attraction to solitude and psychological stability in it. Ability to conceal in society one’s intentions and one’s true face. Often a striving for the position of a “gray cardinal.” |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[2] | | LSE, and to some extent ILE, gravitate toward expansiveness | | ILI partly gravitates toward avoidance, IEI toward avoidance or openness |
| Additional notes: | | | | |
| Because of the significant correlation between the poles of extraversion and centrality, expansive types are in general more extraverted than open types, and gravitate more toward the center (are more competitive) than secretive types. | | | | |
| Because of the significant correlation between the poles of introversion and peripherality, avoidant types are in general more introverted than secretive types, and gravitate more toward the periphery (are less competitive) than open types. | | | | |
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| Spheres of self-realization | | | | |
| creation | management | intrigue | support |
| group composition | ILE,LII,SLI,LSE | SLE,LSI,ILI,LIE | SEE,ESI,IEI,EIE | IEE,EII,SEI,ESE |
| shared group traits | logic, peripherality, Questimity | logic, centrality, Declatimity | ethics, centrality, Questimity | ethics, peripherality, Declatimity |
| features of logic and ethics in the groups | Complexifying questim logic, well suited for cognition of the objective regularities of the surrounding world, for designing and creating tools for transforming nature. In demand in the spheres of science and craft. | Simplifying declatim logic, well suited for implementing and “pushing through” one’s plans, introducing technologies, managing other people for objective tasks. In demand in business and state-building. | Complexifying questim ethics, well suited for social manipulation, colliding different interests, and building informal social groups. In demand in the sphere of social life. | Simplifying declatim ethics, concentrating on empathy. Responsible for care for loved ones, friendliness, humanitarian interests: helping those in need, caring for living nature. In demand in the sphere of family life. |
| attitude toward people “by default” | uninvolved-neutral: understand people poorly in general | negative, mechanistically dismissive, at times cynical | understand people very well, have a distinct attitude toward each one | positive and benevolent |
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| Planning styles | | | | |
| unpredictable | sequential | chaotic | predictable |
| title from Vera Stratievskaya[link] | fatalists | enthusiasts | project-makers | overcautious ones |
| group composition | SLE,IEI,SEE,ILI | LIE,ESI,EIE,LSI | IEE,SLI,ILE,SEI | ESE,LII,LSE,EII |
| shared group traits | irrationality, centrality, foresight | rationality, centrality, carelessness | irrationality, peripherality, carelessness | rationality, peripherality, foresight |
| functional features | strong Se and Ni | weak Si and Ne | strong Si and Ne | weak Se and Ni |
| worldview | ”The world is a battlefield of all against all, where one must know how to outwit opponents through one’s unpredictability" | "The world is a fortress besieged by enemies, therefore one should expect a catch in everything and never relax" | "The world is an open field through which one may go anywhere in search of a better place to live" | "The world is a flowering valley that must be arranged through joint friendly efforts” |
| life strategy | Survive at any cost and by any means, using the chaos around oneself and “covering one’s tracks” | Achieve the victory of one’s identity - one’s “principle,” habitual way of life, or plan for the future - over its opponents | Find a “warm little place,” most comfortable for life at the current moment, and when it ceases to be such - find another, and so on | Create and maintain by one’s own efforts the most convenient, understandable, predictable, and fair living environment for everyone around |
| group properties[1] | Unreliability, selfish disregard for others’ interests and social norms. Low industriousness, prefers to exploit other people. Does not like explaining or sharing information. Considers punishment a more effective incentive than encouragement. Elevated criminal risks (more connected with Se, but with Ni as well). | Orientation toward living according to plan rather than according to circumstances, without being distracted by entertainment. Constant mobilization, tension, difficulty relaxing. Suspiciousness, subconscious readiness for troubles. | Spontaneity, rejection of planning one’s life and daily routine, difficulties with time planning. Background relaxation as a way of life. Not vindictive, uncharacteristic of paranoia. | Social responsibility, reliability, respectability. Absence of criminal inclinations. Absence of a tendency toward sadism. Aspiration and love for life under conditions of a predictable, stable world order. |
| most adapted to survival and socially successful | in times of crisis, turmoil, and radical breakdown of the habitual way of life (a society that has undergone a complete collapse of public institutions due to revolution, civil war, clashes of criminal structures, external genocide, etc.) | in a situation of permanent, low-intensity conflict with a relatively stable composition of participants (any group that for a long time exists in a highly aggressive environment) | in a peaceful society discovering new fields of activity, new resources, and new forms of social relations (a nomadic society or any other in which people move actively and freely) | in periods of peacetime, settled life, and prolonged social stability |
| perception of the group’s activity by society as a whole | maximally disapproved of in peacetime | maximally approved of in wartime | maximally disapproved of in wartime | maximally approved of in peacetime |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[2] | SLE sometimes gravitates toward sequentiality, IEI toward chaoticity | ESI often gravitates toward predictability, and EIE toward unpredictability | SLI sometimes gravitates toward predictability, and ILE toward unpredictability | LSE often gravit toward sequentiality, and ESE, sometimes, toward chaoticity |
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| PART TWO (weaker, more experimental) | | | | |
| Groups of rational functions | | | | |
| systematizers | optimizers | communicators | synchronizers |
| group composition | ILE,LII,SLE,LSI | ILI,LIE,SLI,LSE | SEE,ESI,IEE,EII | SEI,ESE,IEI,EIE |
| shared group traits | logic, cheerfulness, statics | logic, seriousness, dynamics | ethics, seriousness, statics | ethics, cheerfulness, dynamics |
| functional features | strong Ti (structural logic), weak Fi (ethics of relations) | strong Te (business logic), weak Fe (ethics of emotions) | strong Fi (ethics of relations), weak Ti (structural logic) | strong Fe (ethics of emotions), weak Te (business logic) |
| brief description[1] | Create and maintain universal systems of concepts into which they strive to integrate surrounding reality | Build algorithms to direct and optimize affairs in accordance with current conditions | Establish and maintain informal relationships, taking into account individual characteristics of people | Synchronize the current internal emotional state (mood) of people, transmit motivation |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[1] | LII may also display abilities for optimization, and ILE for emotional synchronization | LIE and LSE may display abilities for system construction | SEE and IEE may display abilities for emotional synchronization | |
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| Economic roles | | | | |
| inventors | negotiators | extractors | producers |
| group composition (theoretical) | ILE,LII,IEI,EIE | ILI,LIE,EII,IEE | SEI,ESE,SLE,LSI | SEE,ESI,SLI,LSE |
| shared group traits | intuition, cheerfulness, Questimity | intuition, seriousness, Declatimity | sensorics, cheerfulness, Declatimity | sensorics, seriousness, Questimity |
| features of intuition and sensorics in the groups | Complexifying questim intuition, well suited for grasping fundamental truths and developing abstract concepts (including ideological ones). Responsible for the ability to create fundamentally new things; for forming the overall informational paradigm of an individual and social groups, up to humanity as a whole. The ideas of this group are more “heavy” than those of the negotiators, as they reflect the inner “self” of the subject rather than external demands. | Simplifying declatim intuition, well suited for adapting abstract concepts to concrete life situations and applying them to real people. Responsible for the ability to negotiate, find informational points of contact. Ensures the formation and maintenance of social consensus. | Simplifying declatim sensorics, oriented toward searching for material resources. More concerned with current consumption and biological survival of the individual than with sustainable reproduction of resources. Better adapted to materially impoverished environments; often advocates reduction of excessive material complexity and return to naturalness. | Complexifying questim sensorics, oriented toward maintaining the functioning of many complex systems, more industrious and attentive to details. Ensures sustainable reproduction of material resources and increasing complexity of the technosphere. |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[1] | Due to positive correlation between intuition–Questimity and intuition–cheerfulness, the inventors group is stronger than negotiators. ILI and IEE may shift toward inventors, LIE toward extractors. | LSI may shift toward producers | SEE may shift toward extractors. All producer types have strong or enhanced logic and rationality. | |
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| Forms of will | | | | |
| commanding | initiative | self-critical | executive |
| group composition | SLE,LSE,EIE,IEE | ILE,LIE,ESE,SEE | LII,ILI,SEI,ESI | LSI,SLI,IEI,EII |
| shared group traits | extraversion, collectivism, negativism | extraversion, individualism, positivism | introversion, individualism, negativism | introversion, collectivism, positivism |
| functional features | strong Qe, weak Qi | strong De, weak Di | strong Qi, weak Qe | strong Di, weak De |
| brief description | Attempt to direct others on behalf of society, limiting others’ initiative | Display individual initiative, often bypassing or violating social constraints | Self-critical, doubt everything, capable of self-restraint by their own will | Conformists, willingly submit to social constraints |
| tendencies toward group asymmetry[1] | IEE shifts toward initiative | SEE may shift toward commanding | SEI and ESI may shift toward executive | IEI may shift toward initiative, LSI toward commanding, SLI and EII toward self-critical |
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