Unified Predictive Scale of Norepinephrine Activity

The author has reconsidered the weight and role of various markers (see vk.com/wall-168821911_20114 , vk.com/wall-168821911_20115 and otkroysebya.ru/NE.docx) that may characterize the overall activity of norepinephrine in the central nervous system (CNS), and ultimately arrived at the following unified scale-selection of question markers for an integral assessment of norepinephrine activity in the CNS:

UNIFIED SELECTION-SCALE OF MARKER QUESTIONS FOR HIGH NOREPINEPHRINE ACTIVITY (specialist in “fight or flight” crisis situations under acute time pressure and information deficit)

No. 186

Unified selection-scale of marker questions for high norepinephrine activity (specialist in “fight or flight” crisis situations under acute time pressure and information deficit)

(averaging of the profiles of 109 scale questions, 192288 respondent answers in total; all profiles, except the 2nd and 3rd type profiles, are normalized to a unit sigma of the type profile). All profiles are given after corrective factor rotation

Unnormalized type profile (deviations from the mean in units of the population standard deviation):

Approximate percentage of representatives of each type group giving the raw responses “YES” and “RATHER YES” for the trait (averaging of all scale questions, taking the sign of the question into account, diagnosis by traits):

Contribution of traits to the variance of the property, in percent:

YES:

1. When I am standing and talking, I cannot maintain a calm posture; I tend to “dance” rather than stand still. 0.94
2. At times I experience strong motor restlessness and impatience; I cannot sit still even for a minute. 0.94
3. I find it difficult to stand motionless for more than half a minute - I begin to fidget, change posture, and my hands and feet seem to start doing things on their own. 0.92
4. Sometimes I speak so quickly that I can be difficult to understand. 0.89
5. It would be very difficult for me to stand “at attention” for more than three minutes. 0.88
6. During activity, I make many unnecessary, superfluous movements (I often change posture, sway, nod, scratch myself, shuffle a foot along the floor, rub something with my hand, etc.). 0.87
7. At times I act without properly gauging the force of my movements. 0.87
8. My speech is very rapid; the words are fast and often seem to “run into” one another. 0.86
9. I am often unable to sit still - I feel a need to keep standing up and sitting down, turning around, and moving. 0.86
10. Uneven, rapid-fire speech is typical for me - very fast, but with short sudden stops, resembling bursts from a machine gun. 0.86
11. I cannot patiently stand in a queue for long; I begin to “twitch”. 0.86
12. Sometimes, because of haste, I press the wrong buttons instead of the required ones on some devices. 0.83
13. My states are characterized by impatient thoughts that make me keep talking about something or, when alone, pacing from one corner to another. 0.83
14. When I am agitated, my legs often seem to carry me somewhere on their own; I cannot stay in one place. 0.83
15. My thoughts are rapid and impatient; they instantly find what is needed and quickly jump to something else that has entered my field of view. 0.81
16. A “darting” gaze that does not remain at one point for long is typical for me. 0.81
17. I often make a move impulsively, practically without thinking about whether the choice is correct. 0.81
18. I am a restless person, unable to sit still, and at times fussily active. 0.80
19. During conversations, I have a habit of swinging my leg. 0.80
20. At times I behave in a “twitchy” manner and have difficulty restraining myself. 0.80
21. I cannot sit calmly in my seat in a daytime train compartment for more than an hour - I constantly feel drawn to go for a walk somewhere. 0.79
22. I tolerate a lack of news and a lack of novelty very poorly. 0.79
23. The lines of text in my handwriting are generally not straight but noticeably wavy and uneven (check old handwriting samples). 0.78
24. In ordinary conversations, I usually gesture more than other people. 0.78
25. My speech can sound somewhat like a rattle or the chattering of a sewing machine. 0.78
26. I periodically experience a very unpleasant feeling of internal motor restlessness, an internally anxious need to keep moving or changing posture (accompanied by a strong feeling of internal discomfort - what is colloquially sometimes called “the fidgets”). In such a state, not only does the body suffer from discomfort and motor restlessness, but my thoughts are also as if in a fog, and I cannot gather them together at all. 0.77
27. I often make some uncontrolled motor automatisms - I may rock on a chair, scratch myself, fidget, etc. 0.76
28. I often have a restless-anxious state in which it is difficult to sit still. 0.76
29. I usually understand the sense and significance of any situation I find myself in instantly, “automatically” - there is no need even to reason or analyze. 0.76
30. I am motorically restless and unable to sit still - yet this restlessness is rather pleasant to me, expresses my natural desires, and does not feel imposed on me or uncomfortable at all. 0.76
31. By nature, I am less able to sit still and more motorically restless than other people. 0.76
32. In my ordinary rapid handwriting, the letters “dance” considerably in height, width, and shape; they cannot possibly be called even and uniform. 0.75
33. I often have states in which I am excited and, at the same time, my palms are moist, my pulse is accelerated, and my breathing becomes intermittent. 0.73
34. I often speak very quickly. 0.73
35. When someone calls out nearby, I usually jerk noticeably - only after a moment do I realize that they are not calling me. 0.73
36. I usually have a fast pulse (fast heart rate). 0.72
37. Often, when doing sedentary work, I cannot concentrate for longer than half a minute because I feel a kind of stifling and restless state, as if I had drunk too much coffee or strong tea, and my pulse also seems accelerated. 0.72
38. When I lose my temper, I sometimes get increasingly carried away, to the point of frenzy, and no self-control helps. 0.71
39. Impatience is highly characteristic of me. 0.71
40. I easily lose patience if some task takes longer than I expected. 0.71
41. When I work or speak, I usually (or very often) do so at an especially fast pace and with somewhat agitated “nervousness”. 0.70
42. During an agitated conversation, my eyes shine and my movements are abrupt and tense. 0.70
43. I boldly use the very latest knowledge and new information in my work, even if they have not yet received legitimate public recognition. 0.70
44. Sit at a table and place a sheet of paper, a pencil, and a timer or a clock with a second hand in front of you (you will need to measure exactly 2 minutes). It is even better if you ask someone to time you and, exactly two minutes later (120 seconds), say “Stop!”. While performing the task, you may think about something or simply look at the clock. During this calm period of doing nothing, simply count the number of your involuntary blinks over 2 minutes. Each time you blink, make a tally mark on the sheet of paper (try not to force yourself either by deliberately suppressing blinks or by accelerating them; simply do not think about them - but clearly record them with pencil strokes on the paper). Then count the number of marks made on the sheet over two minutes. In the cell on the right, indicate the rating closest to this number of blinks. (options: 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110). 0.69
45. The skin on my body often tightens and develops goosebumps, and the hairs on it stand on end. 0.69
46. Even when I am calm, my heart usually beats quickly, 80-90 beats per minute or even more. 0.67
47. As a rule, I spend a long time in bed searching for a sleeping position so that I can feel comfortable and fall asleep. 0.65
48. Often, even in bright light and without taking any medications, I have wide, dark pupils - almost filling the entire iris (but for me this is normal). 0.65
49. The same letters in my handwriting inevitably “dance” in size and shape, even when I try while writing - I am certainly not destined to be a calligrapher. 0.64
50. My walking pace is faster (I take steps at a higher frequency) than that of other people my age. 0.63
51. Wide spacing between lines is characteristic of my handwriting. 0.62
52. Other people have difficulty deciphering my handwriting. 0.62
53. In my ordinary handwriting, I find it difficult to write even and uniform letters. 0.62
54. Sometimes I feel the hair on my head rise (stand “on end”). 0.61
55. I find it difficult to write even and uniform letters. 0.58
56. Sometimes (at least once a week), the hairs on my body become erect and stand “upright”, “on end”. 0.58
57. I react quickly and sometimes even impulsively. 0.58
58. My pulse and breathing often accelerate noticeably. 0.57
59. It often happens that I walk quickly around the room in a state of anxious agitation. 0.56
60. I easily panic. 0.56
61. One of my eyes sees much worse than the other (a score of 5 if the difference in visual acuity is very large, a score of 1 if there is no difference at all). 0.56
62. I experience a throbbing headache on one side of my head, radiating to the back of the head, usually occurring in connection with bad weather - an increase in air temperature and humidity, increased cloudiness, etc. 0.55
63. The letters in my ordinary handwriting are “mixed” in form and poorly legible. 0.55
64. The pupils of my eyes are usually dilated, sometimes almost filling the entire iris (in any case, they are often wider than those of other people). 0.54
65. Someone else’s accidental sudden movement often makes me tense up instantly or jerk noticeably enough for me to feel it. 0.53
66. I have problems with my vision. 0.53
67. My brain works very quickly, rapidly. 0.52
68. I cannot write evenly and neatly, even when this is required for at least a short period of time. 0.52
69. If my skin is touched lightly by something external, especially on the neck, goosebumps immediately appear on it, while the hairs become erect and stand on end. 0.52
70. I am usually highly effective in all kinds of emergencies. 0.51
71. I often have an accelerated heartbeat. 0.46
72. The pupils of my eyes are more often dilated than constricted. 0.44
73. I am clumsy when tying my shoelaces. 0.43
74. When I type on a keyboard, my finger movements are usually jerky and awkward; a single smooth “melody of tapping” does not emerge. 0.43
75. Often, while working at a desk, I become so absorbed in something that I practically do not notice at all what is happening around me - which people are walking near me at that time and what objects they are carrying. 0.42
76. When I write, my letters are clumsy, even if I try to form them neatly. 0.41
77. My sleep is sensitive and shallow. 0.41
78. At times I have to wipe away a tear that wells up in my eye for no reason at all. 0.40
79. Some moments in films I watch can readily bring an involuntary tear to my eyes. 0.37
80. Sometimes I have felt the skin on my head tighten and the hair on it seem to stand “on end”. 0.37
81. I have severe myopia (both eyes require correction with lenses of minus three diopters or more). 0.36
82. I wake up even from weak noise and quiet sounds. 0.34
83. In a cool room, I generally become cold quickly. 0.33
84. Very often in life I find myself in a state of intense stress tension in which all my forces become concentrated and mobilized. 0.33
85. I have a distinctive clumsy handwriting style that appears “careless” and is difficult for other people to decipher. 0.33
86. My blood pressure is usually high or somewhat above normal. 0.16
87. I have a tendency toward coronary disorders and hypertension (sharp increases in blood pressure). 0.14
88. I usually have very high mental work capacity, with good concentration, quick memory, and clarity of thought. -0.13
89. I usually have a focused-tense state of mind that is often accompanied by irritation and impatience. -0.02

NO:

90. I never read books from the middle; I always follow the sequence of chapters. -0.86
91. I know that relearning is always difficult and unpleasant for me: I prefer an order and methods of action in work that are fixed once and for all. -0.85
92. I can stand or sit motionless for a long time without any problems if required. -0.85
93. I would prefer to control an unchanging state of objects (keeping the temperature and pressure in a boiler at the same level) rather than manage processes that develop dynamically over time (managing the movement of aircraft, trains, a multistage chemical process at an enterprise, etc.). -0.85
94. As a game, I can easily freeze for ten seconds and assume the pose of a motionless statue, without moving even once and while maintaining balance. -0.85
95. Work that seems monotonous and repetitive to other people is often to my liking, without making me at all sleepy or in any way dispersing my attention. -0.84
96. I delve into material and work through it more slowly, but with higher quality, than other people. -0.82
97. I can sit still. -0.82
98. The unknown is almost always dangerous and unpleasant. -0.81
99. I am more likely to prefer professions in which one must focus attention deeply on one thing rather than distribute it across many different things. -0.79
100. I do not like surprises in life - as a rule, they are harmful or useless. -0.78
101. I prefer controlling an unchanging state of objects to observing and controlling processes that develop over time. -0.76
102. There is nothing worse than surprises. -0.76
103. I do not like using incomprehensible, rough, and “crooked” methods, even if they work effectively - I would rather lose time, but first achieve complete purity and clarity in everything. -0.75
104. The time spent is secondary and not so important when it is a matter of “polishing” a piece of work or a document in full accordance with requirements and rules. -0.74
105. In physical education classes, I was better at long-distance running than short-distance running. -0.74
106. I keenly notice deviations of objects from the correct shape - for example, a plate deviating from a perfect circle, or a picture hanging slightly unevenly on the wall - that other people do not notice. -0.74
107. I regard possible surprises with suspicion and am always afraid of them. -0.68
108. If I wish, I can write almost calligraphically. -0.61
109. Even when I write in a hurry, my handwriting still comes out quite beautiful and clear, with neat, legible letters. -0.06

The scale profiles, in the author’s opinion, most accurately characterize the aggregate result of increased noradrenergic activity in the CNS. This is reflected in strengthening the functions of the psyche Ne, Qe, Te, Ni and weakening the functions complementary to them – Si, Di, Fi, Se. Ti stands apart, which is also more likely to be weakened under the influence of norepinephrine.

Overall, as we can see, norepinephrine strengthens the positions of extraversion, intuition, irrationality, and questimity.

It cannot be ruled out, however, that the obtained profiles are also not entirely free from the influence of dopamine and adrenaline (dopamine is a precursor of norepinephrine in its synthesis chain, whereas adrenaline, conversely, is synthesized from norepinephrine in the CNS). In addition, adrenaline (and partly dopamine) can themselves act on specific norepinephrine receptors (on the so-called adrenergic receptors of very numerous modifications), which further increases the positive intercorrelation in the effects of these three neurohormones (although there is nevertheless also clear specificity distinguishing each of them from the other two).

V. L. Talanov